Guide

Gujarat's semiconductor map: who is building what, where

Published 3 August 2026. Facts verified to 27 July 2026 unless dated otherwise.

One state now hosts India's first commercial fab, its flagship back-end plant and the newest Cabinet-cleared units. The cluster did not happen by accident, and reading it as one system explains each piece better than any press release about one of them.

The three-node map

Dholera: the front end. Wafer fabrication, the capital-intensive heart of the industry: the Rs 91,000 crore Tata + PSMC fab, under construction inside a notified 66.16 hectare SEZSpecial Economic Zone: a notified area treated as outside India's customs territory for authorised operations., commercial production now guided to mid-2028 DURABLE on the build, TARGET on the date. The full story is here.

Sanand: the back end. Micron's assembly, test, marking and packaging operation near Ahmedabad, the flagship of India's back-end push. It is routinely misfiled as a Dholera project by casual coverage, an error worth killing on sight, and our answer page exists to kill it DURABLE on the location facts.

The expansion wave. In May 2026 the Union Cabinet cleared two further semiconductor units for Gujarat, at Dholera and Surat, at a combined value above Rs 3,900 crore DURABLE on the clearance. Unit-level details beyond the clearance are thinner than headlines imply, and this record states them only to the depth its sources do.

The connective tissue

• Materials and gases: INOX Air Products' reported Rs 500 crore specialty gas hub at Dholera REPORTED and Fujifilm's exploratory materials MoUMemorandum of understanding: a stated intent to engage, not a contract or delivered capital. with the Gujarat State Electronics Mission REPORTED are the cluster's supply layer arriving; the supply chain briefing reads the pattern.
• Equipment: the ASML lithography MoU with Tata Electronics REPORTED, the engagement that matters most and proves least until orders follow.
• Power and ground: Dholera's live solar DURABLE and serviced TP-scheme land DURABLE are cluster infrastructure as much as city infrastructure; fabs choose geography for exactly these inputs.
• Policy machinery: the India Semiconductor Mission's fiscal architecture, evidenced concretely in the Tata Fiscal Support Agreement DURABLE, and the state's GSEM as the MoU counterparty, mapped on the policy guide.

Why clustering is the whole point

Semiconductor economics reward density brutally: shared supplier bases, shared talent pools, shared logistics, shared regulatory learning. A lone fab imports everything; a cluster amortises everything. Gujarat's bet is that front end at Dholera plus back end at Sanand plus an arriving materials layer compounds into the density that makes the next investment cheaper than the last, which is precisely the pattern the May 2026 clearances suggest is starting DURABLE. The counter-case is real too: clusters take a decade to thicken, and until the fab ships silicon the density is mostly prospective. Both readings are on this record; the ledger's dates will arbitrate.

How to read the next announcement

Whatever the next Gujarat semiconductor headline is, run it through three questions: which node of the map does it strengthen, what tier is it really at, clearance, MoU, or construction, and does it bring a capability the cluster lacks, or duplicate one it has. That triage, not the rupee figure in the headline, is what predicts whether it matters. It is also, not coincidentally, how every entry in our capital ledger is already filed.