Guide

The state map: where India's semiconductor projects actually are

Published 25 August 2026. Facts verified to 25 August 2026 unless dated otherwise.

Twelve approved projects sit in six states, half of them in Gujarat, and the state layer of money is doing more work than most coverage admits.

How to read this map

Approvals under the India Semiconductor Mission are central decisions taken by the Union Cabinet, but the sites are won by states, and the two facts explain most of what the map looks like. As of December 2025, 10 projects worth Rs 1.60 lakh crore had been approved across six states, per the Press Information Bureau backgrounder of 7 February 2026, and the Cabinet added two further units in Gujarat on 5 May 2026 to reach 12 projects worth about Rs 1.64 lakh crore. Because both May additions went to a state already on the list, the count of states has not moved since 2025.

A second reading rule matters more than the arithmetic. A project's state tells you where the building goes, not where the technology comes from or where the output is consumed. The Dholera fab is a Gujarat project with a Taiwanese technology partner, Dutch and Japanese equipment exposure and no announced customers. Treating state totals as measures of industrial capability would be a category error, and this record uses them only as a map of physical siting and of which state governments are writing cheques alongside the Centre.

Gujarat: six of the twelve

Gujarat holds half the portfolio, including the largest single project in the country and three of the five largest. The Tata Electronics wafer fab at Dholera is the country's only approved silicon fab, cleared on 29 February 2024, with a Fiscal Support Agreement signed on 5 March 2025 against a project cost of Rs 91,526 crore and a stated capacity of about 50,000 wafer starts per month on 300mm wafers DURABLE . Around it sit Micron's assembly and test plant at Sanand at Rs 22,516 crore, CG Power's Sanand unit at Rs 7,584 crore in joint venture with Renesas Electronics America and STARS Microelectronics of Thailand, and Kaynes Technology India's Sanand unit at Rs 3,307 crore, all per the February 2026 backgrounder. The Cabinet's two additions of 5 May 2026 are Crystal Matrix Limited at Dholera, an integrated compound semiconductor fabrication and packaging facility for Mini and Micro-LED display modules with gallium nitride foundry services including epitaxy on 6-inch wafers, and Suchi Semicon at Surat, an assembly and test facility for discrete semiconductors with a proposed capacity of 1,033.20 million chips per annum, together worth about Rs 3,936 crore with 2,230 skilled jobs projected REPORTED .

The state layer is the oldest in the country. The Gujarat Semiconductor Policy 2022-27, announced on 27 July 2022, commits the state to 40 percent of the capital assistance approved by the Centre, and adds a land subsidy of 75 percent on the first 200 acres for a fab in Dholera, water at Rs 12 per cubic metre for five years, a power subsidy of Rs 2 per unit for ten years with electricity duty exemption, and a 50 percent capital subsidy on a desalination plant built within the first five years DURABLE . Those line items are examined instrument by instrument in our incentives investigation. A Special Economic Zone of 66.16 hectares was notified for Tata Semiconductor Manufacturing Private Limited at Dholera around 16 April 2026, adding a customs regime on top of the subsidy regime.

What Gujarat has not yet produced is a running fab. Civil progress at the Dholera site was about 50 percent as of mid-2026 with cleanroom fit-out under way, commercial production is guided to mid-2028, and the opening node is reported by Bloomberg on 17 July 2026 and TrendForce on 20 July 2026 as mostly 90nm, against the 28nm start described in the Tata Sons chairman's FY25 letter REPORTED . The Gujarat ecosystem guide on this desk tracks the cluster forming around it.

Assam: the second-largest ticket in the country

Tata Electronics is building a semiconductor packaging plant at Jagiroad with an investment of Rs 27,120 crore, using indigenous semiconductor packaging technologies, with a production capacity of 48 million units per day, per the February 2026 backgrounder DURABLE . It is the largest back-end investment in the portfolio and the only approved project in the northeast.

The strategic point is the two-state architecture inside one company. A front-end fab in Gujarat and a back-end plant in Assam mean wafers travelling roughly the width of the country before packaging, which puts real weight on domestic logistics that barely existed for this cargo class before. The Jagiroad company file holds the corporate record for that plant.

Uttar Pradesh: the display driver unit at Jewar

Uttar Pradesh has one approved project. Vama Sundari Investments (Delhi) Private Limited, the vehicle for the HCL and Foxconn joint venture, is establishing a unit with an investment of Rs 3,706 crore and a production capacity of about 20,000 wafers per month and 36 million chips per month, per the February 2026 backgrounder. The mission's own website, read on 25 August 2026, shows the Jewar unit under the name India Chip with a groundbreaking in February 2026. It is a display driver chip plant, not a display panel plant, and the two are constantly confused; the display fab question separates them properly.

The state layer here is aggressive. The Uttar Pradesh Semiconductor Policy 2024, published on the Invest UP portal and summarised by Business Standard, offers a 50 percent additional capital subsidy over Government of India support, along with tax and duty exemptions, land rebates, dual power grid support and provisions for research centres, skilling and worker housing REPORTED . Jewar's other asset is the Noida International Airport node beside it, which matters for a product that ships by air.

Odisha: two projects, both unusual

Odisha holds the portfolio's two most technically distinctive units. SiCSem Private Limited is establishing a silicon carbide facility with an investment of Rs 2,066 crore, a production capacity of 5,000 wafers per month and packaging capacity of 8 million units per month. 3D Glass Solutions is establishing a glass panel substrate, assembly and heterogeneous integration facility with an investment of Rs 1,943 crore and proposed installed capacities of about 5,800 panels per month, 4.20 million units per month and 1,100 units per month respectively, both per the February 2026 backgrounder DURABLE . The mission's website records a groundbreaking for the 3D Glass Solutions project at Bhubaneswar in April 2026.

Neither unit competes with Dholera. Silicon carbide is a different material system serving power electronics, and glass substrates sit in advanced packaging rather than wafer fabrication. Our compound semiconductor guide places both against the silicon mainstream. Odisha's own policy, notified in 2023, is summarised in secondary coverage as offering up to a 30 percent capital expenditure subsidy with tax exemptions, concessional land and funding for very-large-scale integration education; this desk has not audited the state notification line by line and prints the figure at reported tier only REPORTED .

Punjab and Andhra Pradesh: the small tickets that fill the ladder

Continental Device India Private Limited is expanding its Mohali facility with an investment of Rs 117 crore to manufacture high-power discrete semiconductor devices at a capacity of about 158.38 million units per annum, and Advanced System in Package Technologies is establishing a unit in Andhra Pradesh with an investment of Rs 480 crore and a capacity of about 96 million units per annum, per the February 2026 backgrounder. These are the smallest approvals in the programme and among the more instructive. An expansion of a working discrete-device line at Rs 117 crore is roughly one-eight-hundredth of the Dholera ticket, and it can be earning revenue on a timescale a fab cannot approach.

Punjab also holds the country's only operating government fab. The Semiconductor Laboratory at Mohali fabricated 56 chips at 180nm for academic users under the design programmes, and its ChipIN Centre ran six shared wafer runs enabling 122 chip design submissions from 46 institutions, per the June 2026 document. It is not an India Semiconductor Mission project, it is an older public asset, and it is covered in the SCL guide.

The states with no approved plant and real weight anyway

Karnataka has no approved manufacturing project under the mission as of 25 August 2026, and it is nonetheless central to Indian semiconductors, because the design and equipment-engineering centres are concentrated there. Lam Research's reported training commitment and Applied Materials' Bengaluru engineering centre sit in that state, and its electronics system design and manufacturing policy is summarised in secondary coverage as offering a 10 percent capital subsidy with research support. Tamil Nadu likewise has no approved semiconductor manufacturing unit under the mission, and its 2024 policy is summarised as offering a state capital subsidy of up to 50 percent of the central incentive with concessional land, stamp duty and electricity tax exemptions and training support REPORTED . Telangana, Assam beyond Jagiroad, and Andhra Pradesh beyond the ASIP unit all publish frameworks of the same broad shape.

The honest summary is that at least seven states now maintain semiconductor or electronics policies that layer state capital subsidies, duty waivers and training money on top of the central scheme, and that the specific incentive tables in most of those notifications have not been audited by this desk. We name the policies and the instrument type; we do not print numbers from them as if they were verified.

What a state actually supplies

Subsidy tables are the visible part of a state's offer and rarely the deciding part. What a semiconductor project needs from a state government, in the order it needs it, is assembled land with clean title at a scale of hundreds of acres, an electricity connection with genuine redundancy, water at industrial volumes with a treatment and discharge route, road and air links that can carry high-value cargo, and an approvals machinery that can process environmental, building and utility clearances without adding years. Money can be matched by any state. That list cannot.

Gujarat's advantage on the first item is structural rather than generous. Dholera was assembled as a planned industrial region with trunk infrastructure laid before tenants arrived, which is why a 66.16 hectare Special Economic Zone could be notified for the fab operator around 16 April 2026 without a fresh land acquisition fight DURABLE . Uttar Pradesh's policy answer to the electricity item is explicit, offering dual power grid support, and its approved unit sits at the Noida International Airport node at Jewar, which matters for a product class that moves by air rather than by road. Odisha's pitch runs on power availability and industrial land in a state with an established metals and chemicals base.

Water is the item most often skipped in state comparisons and the one this record watches hardest, because a wafer fab consumes ultrapure water in volumes that only a secure raw supply can sustain, and the Gujarat policy's 50 percent capital subsidy on a desalination plant built within the first five years is an admission that coastal siting solves the land problem before it solves the water problem. The power infrastructure guide covers the electricity half of the same question.

What interstate competition is actually doing

Three effects are visible in the record. The first is that the effective public share of an approved project is higher than the central 50 percent wherever a state adds its own layer, which is most places. The second is concentration: Gujarat's early policy and its Dholera land bank produced a first-mover advantage that the 5 May 2026 additions extended rather than diluted. The third is the risk that states compete on subsidy depth rather than on the things that decide whether a plant runs well, which are power reliability, water, road and air links, skilled operators and a local supplier base.

For readers using this map to judge the build-out, the useful test is not how many projects a state has attracted but how many of them are operating. On that test the map is thinner than the approval count suggests, and our pipeline guide sorts the whole list into under construction, approved and not started, and reported only. What to watch next: whether a second state wins a front-end wafer fab, whether the equipment and materials units expected under the mission's second phase go to the states with existing clusters or are used to seed new ones, and whether any state publishes its actual disbursements rather than its announcements.